By Chandra Kumar Galaju
The global automobile industry is experiencing a transformative shift as electric vehicles (EVs) increasingly replace traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This transition, while driven by environmental, economic, and technological factors, is also creating new challenges and opportunities in the workforce, particularly in countries like Nepal, where the automotive sector is rapidly adapting to this change. The article explores the experiences and challenges faced by Nepalese automobile technicians as they transition from working with traditional vehicles to electric vehicles.
Historical Context and Technological Evolution
The concept of electric vehicles is not a new one. In fact, the idea of EVs was tested as early as the 19th century, when they were considered a potential alternative to petrol and steam-powered vehicles. Over time, however, internal combustion engines took precedence due to their higher efficiency and longer range. In recent years, however, the global focus on environmental concerns, the decline in fossil fuel reserves, and the growing awareness of climate change have sparked a renewed interest in electric vehicles. Technological advancements, including the decline in battery costs, have also made EVs more affordable and viable for both manufacturers and consumers.
Job Trends in the EV Industry
As the demand for electric vehicles grows globally, so does the need for specialized labor in EV manufacturing, maintenance, and service sectors. According to studies, the shift toward EVs is expected to generate millions of jobs. In particular, industries related to electric vehicle manufacturing, electric parts, and EV servicing will experience a significant rise in employment opportunities. However, these trends also indicate a growing mismatch between the increasing demand for EV technicians and the limited supply of skilled labor in the sector. For example, while the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) in the UK notes that the adoption of EVs has outpaced the development of a corresponding workforce, similar concerns are raised in Nepal as well, where the shift to electric vehicles is still in its early stages.
The Electric Vehicle Shift in Nepal
In Nepal, the demand for electric vehicles has surged dramatically. In the fiscal year 2021-2022, the country imported six times more electric vehicles compared to the previous year. The trend is expected to continue, with government policies supporting the transition. Nepal has pledged to meet the targets outlined in the Paris Agreement (2015), including a plan for 20% of four-wheeler public vehicles to be electric by 2025, with a market share increase to 60% by 2030.
This shift is already reflected in import data from the Department of Customs. The number of electric vehicles imported in the fiscal year 2023-2024 saw a growth of 189% compared to the previous year. The market share of electric vehicles has also surged, from 64.06% in fiscal year 2079/80 to 78.24% in 2080/81, further highlighting the growing demand for electric vehicles and, consequently, EV technicians in Nepal (Department of Customs, Nepal).
Role Transition for Technicians
The transition from traditional vehicle maintenance to EV servicing is not without its challenges. The article provides insight into the personal experiences of several Nepalese technicians who have made this shift. Through in-depth interviews, the author analyzed the challenges, motivations, and learning processes associated with this transition.
One of the key findings is that the primary motivation for technicians to transition to EVs is the recognition of the future potential of the electric vehicle sector. With increasing market demand for EVs, technicians see the shift as a way to secure long-term employment and career stability. The growing trend of EV adoption, both globally and locally, is a clear indicator that expertise in EV maintenance will be in high demand in the future.
For example, one participant, a training manager at Laxmi International (Hyundai) Nepal, highlighted how the company recognized the increasing demand for electric vehicles and responded by incorporating EVs into their product line. This shift required the manager to undergo training in South Korea, which helped him acquire the necessary skills to service and maintain electric vehicles. Similarly, other technicians in the study expressed that the realization of the long-term viability of electric vehicles motivated them to pursue EV training.
However, the transition was not without its hurdles. Technicians reported a significant knowledge gap between traditional vehicles and EVs, particularly when it came to understanding the new technology involved in EVs. Unlike traditional vehicles, EVs do not rely on conventional engines but instead utilize electric motors, battery systems, and advanced electrical components. Technicians found it challenging to grasp the operational principles and the new diagnostic tools required to service EVs.
Training sessions, although essential, were often limited in scope. Many technicians reported that the training they received was focused more on basic EV principles and lacked comprehensive coverage of advanced troubleshooting techniques. Additionally, the hands-on experience provided in the training was often insufficient, leaving technicians ill-prepared to handle the complexities of electric vehicle maintenance.
Learning and Adaptation
Despite the challenges, the technicians in the study demonstrated a high degree of adaptability. They emphasized the importance of continuous learning, self-study, and guidance from experienced mentors to overcome the initial difficulties of transitioning to EV technology. One technician explained that his prior experience in traditional automotive systems helped him understand the similarities between the two types of vehicles, such as the suspension system, brake pads, and chassis, which made the transition smoother.
Another participant, who had undergone several training programs, noted that while the training was helpful, it did not fully cover all aspects of EV maintenance. However, he was able to supplement his learning through online resources and discussions with more experienced colleagues. The transition process, according to the technicians, required not only technical knowledge but also an openness to new ways of thinking and problem-solving.
Challenges and Recommendations
The study identified several key challenges faced by technicians during the transition process, including knowledge gaps, insufficient training, and the complexity of EV systems. To address these issues, the study recommends that training institutions and companies invest in more comprehensive training programs that cover both basic and advanced aspects of electric vehicle technology. It is also crucial that these programs include more hands-on experience to better prepare technicians for the real-world challenges they will face in the field.
Furthermore, the study highlights the need for government intervention to ensure that training opportunities are accessible to a broader range of individuals, not just those working for specific companies. This could involve creating standardized training programs and certifications to ensure that technicians are well-equipped to meet the growing demand for EV maintenance and repair services.
Conclusion
The transition from traditional vehicles to electric vehicles in Nepal is creating significant opportunities in the labor market but also presents challenges for technicians who must acquire new skills and knowledge. As the adoption of EVs continues to rise, it is crucial for training programs to evolve to meet the changing needs of the workforce. The experiences of the technicians studied in this article illustrate the importance of continuous learning, adaptability, and institutional support in successfully navigating this transition.
(This article has been adapted from the original research article titled "Identification of Labors’ Role Transition Processes: From Traditional to Electric Vehicles in Nepal" by Chandra Kumar Galaju, published in the TVET Journal 2025).
